The amphitheatre was first built in timber during the reign of Augustus (2-14 AD). It was replaced by a small stone amphitheatre during the reign of emperor Claudius. In 79 AD it was enlarged to accommodate gladiator fights by Vespasian and to be completed in 81 AD under emperor Titus.

The amphitheater is still in use today. Performances have included Luciano Pavarotti, Andrea Bocelli, Elton John and Michael Bolton.